Then you could shot another at the bridge, transport a torpedo to the bridge, transport the bridge crew into space, etc. A quick scan of the ship would pick that up and one torpedo later, the shields would be down. The shield generators of an Imperial Star Destroyer are located outside of its shield's protection. Speaking of sensors, Star Trek sensors can detect a single life form light years away while an Imperial Star Destroyer cannot detect the Millennium Falcon when it is attached to its hull. All of them travel at faster than light speeds and can be fired accurately well beyond Imperial sensor range (even it if did pick up the torpedo, it wouldn't be able to dodge it). Advanced long-range torpedos and Quantum torpedos are above 320 isotons in yield. Even if you use Earth's smallest city, it is still enough to take out an Imperial Star Destroyer with a few shots. A single photon torpedo at 25 isotons can destroy a small city. It would still take a few direct hits to drop the shields of a Sovereign class starship (about 4), but there are like thousands of them shooting at the same time. Yes, I am aware of the nuke level firepower heavy turbo lasers produce. Outside of that range, the Sovereign class ship can escape and engage well outside of any kind of effective fire. If the Sovereign class ship is anywhere within (say) 30 to 40 miles (optimum range of the XX9 heavy turbolaser is 9 miles, maximum is 62ish miles) of the Star Destroyer it cannot win and would be destroyed in seconds.

Sovereign class super star destroyer